SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Reflexive modernization</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Reflexive modernization</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

<p>

The concept of <b>reflexive modernization</b> or <b>reflexive modernity</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelanty2011409_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelanty2011409-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was launched by a joint effort of three of the leading European <a href="Sociologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociologist">sociologists</a>: <a href="Anthony_Giddens" title="Anthony Giddens">Anthony Giddens</a>, <a href="Ulrich_Beck" title="Ulrich Beck">Ulrich Beck</a> and <a href="Scott_Lash" title="Scott Lash">Scott Lash</a>. The introduction of this concept served a double purpose: to reassess sociology as a science of the present (moving beyond the early-20th-century conceptual framework), and to provide a counterbalance to the <a href="Postmodernity" title="Postmodernity">postmodernist paradigm</a> offering a re-constructive view alongside <a href="Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">deconstruction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckBonssLau2003_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckBonssLau2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The concept built upon previous notions such as <a href="Post-industrial_society" title="Post-industrial society">post-industrial society</a> (<a href="Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Daniel Bell</a>) and <a href="Post-materialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-materialism">postmaterial society</a>, but stresses how in <a href="Reflexivity_(social_theory)" title="Reflexivity (social theory)">reflexive</a> modernization, <a href="Modernity" title="Modernity">modernity</a> directs its attention to the process of <a href="Modernization" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernization">modernization</a> itself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckBonssLau2003_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckBonssLau2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Completion_of_modernity">Completion of modernity</h2></div>

<p>The main thesis deals with the changes brought on by the realization of <a href="Modernity" title="Modernity">modernity</a>'s ideals, such as <a href="Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> and education, the <a href="Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>, <a href="Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">civil and political rights</a>, changes that marked the shift to the <a href="Second_modernity" title="Second modernity">second modernity</a>. The authors consider it a <a href="Reflexivity_(social_theory)" title="Reflexivity (social theory)">reflexive</a> modernity because it opposes its earlier version, in the same way as the first modernity opposed feudal traditionalism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHe2012111,_215_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHe2012111,_215-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, the institutions of the first modernity are beginning to crumble in the face of <a href="Economic_globalization" title="Economic globalization">economic</a> and <a href="Cultural_globalization" title="Cultural globalization">cultural globalization</a>. The state is starting to lose its importance with the rise of <a href="Transnationalism" title="Transnationalism">transnational</a> forces (corporations, NGOs), the family is splitting apart with rising divorce rates favoured by the flexibility of work and the women's liberation, losing its supportive function in the process, religion is reduced to a cultural artifact, traditional political action is boycotted because of a lack of identification with the parties' goals. Therefore all previous sources of <a href="Solidarity" title="Solidarity">solidarity</a> lose momentum with the rise of <a href="Individuation" title="Individuation">individualization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay200757_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERay200757-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consequences">Consequences</h2></div>

<p><a href="Ulrich_Beck" title="Ulrich Beck">Ulrich Beck</a> focuses on the dissolution of traditional institutions and the rise of transnational forces, while promoting a new type solidarity in the face of the human made dangers of the <a href="Risk_society" title="Risk society">risk society</a>, exacerbated by the inherent limits being discovered to all forms of social knowing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck2009126_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck2009126-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Anthony_Giddens" title="Anthony Giddens">Anthony Giddens</a> proposes a <a href="Third_way" class="mw-redirect" title="Third way">third way</a> of social policies aimed at tackling the new challenges to identity and life choices created by the biographical risks and uncertainties of reflexive modernity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2001145–146_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2001145–146-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Zygmunt Bauman</a> talks about the social effects of globalization, as it seems to create new divisions between the people connected to the global flux of information (the "tourists") and those excluded from them, not needed as workforce anymore (the "bums").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesBradburyLe_Boutillier2011202–203_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesBradburyLe_Boutillier2011202–203-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Ronald_Inglehart" title="Ronald Inglehart">Ronald Inglehart</a> studies the shift of human values from material to post-material in the Western societies by analysing the <a href="World_Values_Survey" title="World Values Survey">World Values Survey</a> databases;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInglehart1990_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInglehart1990-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Pippa_Norris" title="Pippa Norris">Pippa Norris</a> stresses the importance of cultural globalization over economical globalization,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHopper2007177–178_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopper2007177–178-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while also talking about the new divisions, such as the <a href="Digital_divide" title="Digital divide">digital divide</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<p>Reflexive modernization is a process of <a href="Modernization" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernization">modernization</a> that is characteristic of risk society whereby progress is achieved through reorganization and "reform". Science and technology as it is used for the purpose of reflexive modernization is less concerned with expanding the <a href="Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">resource base</a>, but rather with re-evaluating that which is already being used by society. There is a constant <a href="Information_flow" title="Information flow">flow of information</a> between <a href="Science" title="Science">science</a> and <a href="Private_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Private industry">industry</a>, and progress is achieved through the resulting reforms, <a href="Optimization" class="mw-redirect" title="Optimization">optimizations</a> and <a href="Adaptation" title="Adaptation">adaptations</a>. Examples of reflexive modernization that have recently gained political momentum are <a href="Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a> and the <a href="Precautionary_principle" title="Precautionary principle">precautionary principle</a>. The <a href="New_social_movements" title="New social movements">new social movements</a> (feminist, green, and pirate parties) are also considered to be an expression of reflexive modernization.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Jean Baudrillard</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecological_modernization" title="Ecological modernization">Ecological modernization</a></li>

<li><a href="Liquid_modernity" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid modernity">Liquid modernity</a></li>

<li><a href="Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Jean-François Lyotard</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">Post-structuralism</a></li>

<li><a href="Unintended_consequences" title="Unintended consequences">Unintended consequences</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;">

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelanty2011409-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelanty2011409_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDelanty2011">Delanty 2011</a>, p. 409.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckBonssLau2003-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckBonssLau2003_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckBonssLau2003_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckBonssLau2003">Beck, Bonss & Lau 2003</a>.</span>

</li>

</li>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2001145–146-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2001145–146_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2001">Smith 2001</a>, pp. 145–146.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesBradburyLe_Boutillier2011202–203-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesBradburyLe_Boutillier2011202–203_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesBradburyLe_Boutillier2011">Jones, Bradbury & Le Boutillier 2011</a>, pp. 202–203.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInglehart1990-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInglehart1990_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFInglehart1990">Inglehart 1990</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopper2007177–178-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHopper2007177–178_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHopper2007">Hopper 2007</a>, pp. 177–178.</span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFBeck2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Ulrich_Beck" title="Ulrich Beck">Beck, Ulrich</a> (2009). <i>World at Risk</i>. Translated by Cronin, Ciaran. Cambridge, England: Polity Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7456-4201-7</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBeckBonssLau2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Ulrich_Beck" title="Ulrich Beck">Beck, Ulrich</a>; Bonss, Wolfgang; Lau, Christoph (2003). "The Theory of Reflexive Modernization: Problematic, Hypotheses and Research Programme". <i>Theory, Culture & Society</i>. <b>20</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>33. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0263276403020002001">10.1177/0263276403020002001</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1460-3616">1460-3616</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145737490">145737490</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFDelanty2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="Gerard_Delanty" title="Gerard Delanty">Delanty, Gerard</a> (2011). "Modernity". In <a href="George_Ritzer" title="George Ritzer">Ritzer, George</a>; Ryan, J. Michael (eds.). <i>The Concise Encyclopedia of Sociology</i>. Chichester, England: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. <span class="nowrap">408–</span>409. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781444392654.ch13">10.1002/9781444392654.ch13</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4443-9264-7</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHe2012" class="citation book cs1">He, Chuanqi (2012). <i>Modernization Science: The Principles and Methods of National Advancement</i>. Berlin: Springer. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-25459-8">10.1007/978-3-642-25459-8</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-642-25459-8</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHopper2007" class="citation book cs1">Hopper, Paul (2007). <i>Understanding Cultural Globalization</i>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFInglehart1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Ronald_Inglehart" title="Ronald Inglehart">Inglehart, Ronald</a> (1990). <i>Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society</i>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9780691186740">10.1515/9780691186740</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-691-18674-0</bdi>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv346rbz">j.ctv346rbz</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFJonesBradburyLe_Boutillier2011" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Pip; Bradbury, Liz; Le Boutillier, Shaun (2011). <i>Introducing Social Theory</i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Polity Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7456-3522-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRay2007" class="citation book cs1">Ray, Larry J. (2007). <i>Globalization and Everyday Life</i>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSmith2001" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Philip (2001). <i>Cultural Theory: An Introduction</i>. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-631-21176-1</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBauman1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman, Zygmunt</a> (1998). <i>Globalization: The Human Consequences</i>. New York: Columbia University Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBauman2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.25em;">———</span> </a> (2000). <i>Liquid Modernity</i>. Cambridge, England: Polity Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBeck1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Ulrich_Beck" title="Ulrich Beck">Beck, Ulrich</a> (1992). <i>Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity</i>. Translated by Ritter, Mark. London: Sage Publications. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8039-8346-5</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBeck2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Ulrich_Beck" title="Ulrich Beck"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.25em;">———</span> </a> (2000). <i>What Is Globalization?</i>. Translated by Camiller, Patrick. Cambridge, England: Polity Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7456-9250-0</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBeckGiddensLash1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Ulrich_Beck" title="Ulrich Beck">Beck, Ulrich</a>; <a href="Anthony_Giddens" title="Anthony Giddens">Giddens, Anthony</a>; <a href="Scott_Lash" title="Scott Lash">Lash, Scott</a> (1994). <i>Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order</i>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8047-2472-2</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMythen2019" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mythen, Gabe (2019). "Reflexive Modernization". In <a href="George_Ritzer" title="George Ritzer">Ritzer, George</a> (ed.). <i>The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology</i>. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>2. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781405165518.wbeosr037.pub2">10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosr037.pub2</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4051-6551-8</bdi>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241430420">241430420</a>.</cite></li></ul>

</div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2023-06-13" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Reflexive_modernization&oldid=1159887250">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>